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Weather in the Spanish coast
Weather in the Spanish interior
How the Spanish microclimates work?
Adapting life to Spanish climate
How Spain's climate affects your health and well-being?
How climate dictates Spanish culture?

Weather

Spain

21/11/2025

Spain's Year-Round Weather Guide

Thinking of moving to Spain? You’re likely picturing sun-drenched siestas and year-round warmth. While Spain is indeed one of Europe's sunniest countries, the belief that the entire nation enjoys a single, homogenous climate is a common misconception. The reality is far more diverse and fascinating.

Spain’s weather is a complex tapestry woven from its unique geography, with climates ranging from the cool, green, and rainy north to the arid, sun-baked plains of the south.

Understanding these regional variations is the single most important step in planning your move. The "best" place to live depends entirely on your personal preferences. Do you thrive in the heat, or do you prefer milder temperatures? Is a bit of rain a deal-breaker, or do you find lush, green landscapes appealing?

Weather in the Spanish coast

Spain's extensive coastline is a primary draw for many, but its two coasts offer vastly different experiences. Your choice between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean will define your daily life, from the clothes you wear to your weekend activities.

Climate in the Spanish Northern Atlantic coast

A common question from prospective expats is, "Where can I live in Spain if I don't like extreme heat?" The answer is always the same: look north. The regions of Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, and the Basque Country form what is known as España Verde, or "Green Spain."

Climate Profile: Influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, this area has a maritime climate. This means mild summers, cool (but not freezing) winters, and a level of humidity and rainfall unseen in the rest of the country. The landscape is strikingly lush, green, and often compared to Ireland or New Zealand.
Major Towns & Weather:San Sebastian: A culinary hotspot in the Basque Country, San Sebastian has enjoyable summers with average temperatures around 22°C. However, it's also one of Spain's rainiest cities. Winters are cool, with average lows of about 6°C. You'll need a good raincoat and umbrella year-round.
Bilbao & Santander: These cities share a similar profile, with comfortable summers and damp, cool winters. Heavy coats are less necessary than waterproof, wind-resistant jackets.
Rainfall: This is the wettest region of Spain, with some areas in Galicia receiving over 1,500 mm of rain annually. Unlike the south, rain can occur at any time of year, though it's most frequent in autumn and winter.

About the langage:

This region is perfect for those who prioritize nature, hiking, and a green environment over guaranteed sunshine. If you're escaping the scorching summers of other countries, the north is your refuge. However, be prepared for gray skies and a climate that demands a versatile wardrobe.

Climate in the Mediterranean coast

Stretching from the French border down to the Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediterranean coast is the picture-postcard Spain that most people imagine. It covers Catalonia, the Valencian Community, Murcia, and the coast of Andalusia.

Climate Profile: This region is defined by its hot, dry summers and very mild winters. It boasts the highest number of sunshine hours in the country, making it a perennial favourite for tourists and expats.
Major Towns & Weather:Barcelona: A global city with a desirable climate. Summers are hot and humid, with average highs of 28-29°C in July and August. Winters are mild and pleasant, with daytime temperatures often reaching 14°C, though lows can drop to around 5°C.
Valencia: Further south, Valencia has a similar pattern to Barcelona but is generally slightly warmer and drier. It's known for its exceptionally mild winters.
Malaga (Costa del Sol): The "Sun Coast" lives up to its name. Summers are hot, with highs routinely surpassing 31°C. Winters are among the mildest in mainland Europe, with average highs of 18°C and significant sunshine, making it a major hub for "snowbird" expats escaping colder northern European winters. The lowest average temperature, even in January, is a manageable 8°C.
Rainfall: Rainfall is low, occurring mainly in the autumn and winter months. A phenomenon to be aware of is the "Gota Fría" (cold drop), which can bring sudden, torrential downpours and flash flooding in the autumn, particularly in the Valencian and Murcian communities.

About the langage:

This is the quintessential retirement and sun-seeker's destination. You can comfortably live without a heavy winter coat in many coastal areas. However, be prepared for the summer influx of tourists and invest in good air conditioning, as the combination of heat and humidity can be intense.

Weather in the Spanish interior

Away from the moderating influence of the sea, inland Spain experiences a continental climate with dramatic temperature swings between seasons. This is a land of harsh beauty and a different rhythm of life, dictated by the weather.

Climate in the central plateau (Meseta central)

Covering the vast heart of the country, the Meseta includes the communities of Madrid, Castile and León, and Castilla-La Mancha. An old Spanish saying accurately describes its climate: "Nueve meses de invierno, tres meses de infierno" (Nine months of winter, three months of hell).

Climate Profile: This high-altitude plateau has a semi-arid, continental climate. This translates to scorching, dry summers and genuinely cold, crisp winters. The lack of humidity makes both the heat and cold feel more direct.
Major Towns & Weather:Madrid: Many newcomers are surprised by Madrid's weather. Summers are intensely hot, with July and August temperatures consistently hitting 32°C and often climbing towards 40°C. Due to the dryness, nights cool down more than on the coast. Winters are cold. January sees average lows of 1°C, and frosts are common. You will absolutely need a proper winter coat, scarf, and gloves.
Toledo & Salamanca: These historic cities share Madrid's climate profile, with very hot summers and cold winters.
Rainfall: The region is very dry, with Madrid receiving only about 455 mm of rain per year, concentrated in spring and autumn.

About the langage:

Living in Madrid requires a wardrobe for four distinct seasons. While the summer heat is a major talking point, the severity of the winter often catches people off guard. The trade-off is beautiful, clear blue skies for much of the year and a bustling city life that adapts to the climate.

Climate in the Andalusian plain (Inland Andalusia)

While the Andalusian coast is mild, its interior is home to Europe's hottest cities. This is where Spanish weather becomes truly extreme.

Climate Profile: This low-lying river valley is famous for its blistering summer heat. Winters, by contrast, are short and very mild.
Major Towns & Weather:Seville & Córdoba: These cities are often cited as the hottest in Europe. In July and August, temperatures regularly exceed 40°C. The highest recorded temperatures in Spain are found here. Locals adapt by staying indoors during the afternoon, and life shifts to the cooler mornings and late evenings. Spring and autumn are sublime, with perfect temperatures for exploring. Winters are pleasant, with average highs around 16°C.
Rainfall: This is one of the driest parts of Spain, with very little rainfall, especially during the long summer.

About the langage:

Do not underestimate the summer heat. Expats in Seville and Córdoba stress that air conditioning is not a luxury but an absolute necessity. Your daily schedule will revolve around avoiding the midday sun in summer. For those who can adapt, the reward is glorious weather for the other eight months of the year.

Weather in the Spanish islands and mountains

Spain's territories include spectacular islands and mountain ranges, each offering a unique microclimate distinct from the mainland.

Climate in the Balearic Islands

Located in the Mediterranean, this archipelago, including Majorca, Menorca, Ibiza, and Formentera, is a world-renowned holiday destination.

Climate Profile: A classic, hot-summer Mediterranean climate. Summers are hot and sunny, while winters are mild, though generally cooler and wetter than the mainland's Costa del Sol.
Weather in Majorca: As the largest island, Majorca is a good benchmark. Summer highs reach 31°C, with plenty of sunshine. Humidity can be high. Winter lows hover around 5°C, and while it rarely freezes, the humidity can make it feel damp and chilly indoors. The islands get about 2,800 hours of sunshine a year.

About the langage:

The Balearics offer a fantastic lifestyle, but be aware that the "feel" of the temperature can be affected by humidity. The islands are very busy in summer, while winters can be very quiet, with many businesses closing for the season.

Climate in the Canary Islands

A frequent topic is the search for "perfect weather." For many, the Canary Islands are the answer. Located off the coast of northwestern Africa, this Spanish archipelago includes Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, and Fuerteventura.

Climate Profile: Often called "The Land of Eternal Spring," the Canaries have a subtropical climate with incredibly mild and stable temperatures year-round.
Weather: There is very little temperature variation between seasons. The average high in August might be 26°C, while in January it's a pleasant 21°C. Rainfall is minimal, especially in the eastern islands like Lanzarote. The islands are, however, known for their various microclimates; the south of an island can be perpetually sunny, while the north is greener and cloudier.

About the langage:

For those looking to escape both extreme summer heat and any real winter cold, the Canary Islands are an unmatched destination. It's a popular choice for year-round outdoor living.

Climate in the Spanish mountainous regions

The Pyrenees (in the northeast) and the Sierra Nevada (near Granada in the south) offer an alpine climate that is a world away from the beaches.

Climate Profile: Characterized by altitude, these regions have long, cold winters with significant snowfall and cool, pleasant summers.
Weather: The Pyrenees are a premier winter sports destination thanks to heavy snowfall. The Sierra Nevada uniquely allows you to ski in the morning and drive to the Mediterranean coast for the afternoon. Summers in these regions are a perfect escape from the heat of the lowlands, ideal for hiking and outdoor activities.

About the langage:

These regions offer a completely different lifestyle, centered on mountain sports and nature. They demonstrate the sheer diversity of Spain, providing a true winter experience within a country famous for its sun.

How the Spanish microclimates work?

Telling someone the climate of "Andalusia" is like telling them the climate of "California." A short drive can change everything. Understanding microclimates is the key to fine-tuning your location choice.

Coastal vs. Inland: This is the most significant factor. The city of Málaga on the Costa del Sol has a subtropical microclimate where it almost never freezes. Drive just one hour north to the city of Antequera, which is considered the heart of Andalusia, and you are on the plains where winters are significantly colder with common frosts. Drive another 45 minutes to Granada, at the foot of the Sierra Nevada, and you have a continental climate with cold, snowy winters.
The Rain Shadow Effect: The mountain ranges create dramatic differences. The northern slopes of the Pyrenees are lush and wet, while the southern foothills are much drier. In the province of Almería, the Tabernas Desert (Europe's only true desert) exists because it sits in the rain shadow of the surrounding mountains, which block the humid sea air. Just 30km away on the coast is the much more humid Cabo de Gata Natural Park.
Altitude and Orientation: When looking for a home, these factors are paramount. In the mountainous Alpujarras region south of Granada, villages on the south-facing slopes have a mild, temperate climate, while those on the north face are much colder. A house in a valley may be sheltered from wind but prone to fog and frost, while one on a ridge will be windier but sunnier. Expats learn to analyze the landscape like locals, understanding that a few hundred meters can mean the difference between a garden that grows avocados and one that needs protection from snow.

Adapting life to Spanish climate

Understanding the climate stats is one thing; living with them is another. This is where the practical advice from residents becomes invaluable.

A frequent topic of discussion is the surprising nature of Spanish homes and the need to adapt your lifestyle, not just your clothing.

Spanish winter and your home

A major shock for many newcomers, especially those on the sunny Mediterranean coast, is feeling colder indoors during winter than they did in Northern Europe or North America. This is a recurring theme.

Why it Happens:
- Insulation: Historically, Spanish construction has been focused on keeping heat out, not in. Insulation and double-glazing are not standard in many older (and even some newer) buildings.
- Flooring: Tile or marble floors are ubiquitous because they are wonderfully cool in summer. In winter, they are ice-cold and suck warmth from your body.
- Heating Systems: Central heating (calefacción central) is not a given. Many apartments rely on electric radiators, which can be inefficient and expensive, or a reverse-cycle air conditioning unit (bomba de calor). In rural areas, wood-burning stoves or butane gas heaters (estufas) are common.
Regional Heating Needs:
- Mediterranean Coast (Malaga, Valencia): You won't need a heavy-duty system, but you will need a source of heat. A common complaint is the damp, bone-chilling cold that humidity brings. Your best investment will be a good dehumidifier (deshumidificador) and warm slippers.
- Central Plateau (Madrid): Heating is non-negotiable and will be a significant part of your winter utility bill. Most modern apartments have natural gas heating, which is generally efficient.
- Northern Coast (San Sebastian, Bilbao): Heating is essential. Due to the high humidity, you will also be fighting dampness. Look for homes with good heating systems and ventilation.

Spanish summer survival

While the winter can be surprisingly cold, the summer heat is famously intense.

Cooling Your Home:
- Air Conditioning: On the Mediterannean coast and especially in the interior (Madrid, Seville), air conditioning (aire acondicionado) is considered an essential utility, not a luxury. The cost of running it will be a major summer expense.
- The Power of Persianas (Shutters): Every Spanish home has rolling shutters for a reason. Keeping them down during the hottest part of the day is the most effective way to block the sun and keep your home cool. Locals live by this rule.
- Creating Airflow: In the evenings, open windows on opposite sides of the apartment to create a cross-breeze. This is the traditional way to cool a home before bed.

Spanish life wardrobe

Packing for life in Spain requires more than just swimsuits and sandals.

The North (Galicia, Basque Country): Think in layers. You need a high-quality waterproof and windproof jacket. An umbrella is useful, but often the rain is driven by wind, making a good hooded jacket more practical. You'll need sweaters and long trousers year-round. Even in summer, evenings can be cool.
The Interior (Madrid): This is a true four-season wardrobe.
- Winter: You need a proper winter coat (wool or down), scarves, gloves, and warm boots. The cold is dry but bites.
- Summer: Lightweight, breathable fabrics like cotton and linen are your best friends. The sun is intense, so hats and sunglasses are essential.
The Mediterranean (Barcelona, Malaga):
- Winter: While you won't need a sub-zero parka, you will need a decent mid-weight jacket, sweaters, and jeans. The key is layering. Expats often recommend thermal vests and warm socks for wearing inside the house.
- Summer: Light dresses, shorts, and breathable shirts. For evenings, a light cardigan or shawl is often needed, especially near the sea.

Weather phenomenoms in Spain

Beyond the general climate, Spain has unique, named weather events that can impact daily life. Knowing them will help you understand local news and plan your activities.

La Calima: Most common in the Canary Islands but also affecting the south of Spain, the Calima is a plume of hot, dusty air from the Sahara Desert. It can last for several days, turning the sky a hazy orange, blanketing everything in a fine layer of red dust, and causing issues for people with respiratory problems. During a Calima, it's advised to stay indoors and keep windows closed.
DANA / Gota Fría ("Cold Drop"): A uniquely powerful weather event that primarily affects the Mediterranean coast in the autumn. It occurs when a mass of cold polar air collides with the warm, humid air of the Mediterranean sea, resulting in sudden, extremely heavy and often destructive rainfall and flash floods. Roads can become impassable within minutes. Local authorities issue severe warnings for these events, and it's crucial to heed them.
The Winds of the Strait of Gibraltar (Poniente & Levante): In the province of Cádiz, especially around Tarifa, life is governed by two winds.
- The Levante is a warm, humid wind blowing from the east (the Mediterranean). It can be relentless, sometimes blowing for weeks on end, and is famously blamed for causing headaches and agitation.
- The Poniente is a cooler, less humid wind from the west (the Atlantic). It brings clear skies and is generally considered the "good" wind.
Seasonal Planning:
- Best time for moving/house hunting: Spring (April-May) and Autumn (September-October) offer the most pleasant and stable weather across almost all of Spain. Trying to view apartments in Seville in August or move house in Madrid in January can be deeply unpleasant.
- Avoiding Crowds: The cities of the interior, like Madrid and Seville, are best visited in spring and autumn. Many locals abandon Madrid in August to escape the heat. The coasts are busiest from June to August. For a quieter coastal experience with good weather, consider June or September.

How Spain's climate affects your health and well-being?

The climate's impact extends far beyond what you wear or your utility bill; it directly influences your physical and mental health. Expats frequently discuss about these adjustments as they can significantly affect your quality of life.

Allergies in Spain

Many people who don't suffer from allergies in their home country are caught off guard in Spain.

The Dry Interior (Madrid, Andalusia): This region is a global hotspot for pollen allergies, particularly from olive trees (olivo) and plane trees (plátano de sombra). From March to June, the air in cities like Madrid, Seville, and Córdoba can be thick with pollen, causing significant discomfort for sufferers. Local pharmacies are well-equipped to help, but it's a major consideration.
The Humid Coasts (Mediterranean & Atlantic): High humidity creates a different problem: mold and dust mites. In the rainy north and the humid Mediterranean coast, poorly ventilated homes can develop mold (moho), which can be a serious trigger for respiratory issues and allergies. This is why a home's orientation and a good dehumidifier are so critical in these zones.

Respiratory health in Spain

The Dryness of the Meseta: The air in Madrid and the central plateau is extremely dry. While this means fewer issues with dampness, it can be harsh on the sinuses and skin, leading to dryness and irritation, especially in winter when indoor heating is on full blast.
The Calima Effect: As mentioned before, the Saharan dust of a Calima is not just a cleaning nuisance. It dramatically worsens air quality, and hospitals report a spike in admissions for respiratory distress during these events. This is a primary concern for anyone with asthma or other chronic respiratory conditions considering a move to the Canaries or southern Andalusia.

Sunny consequences in Spain

Vitamin D and Mental Health: The abundance of sunshine is arguably Spain's biggest health benefit. For people from cloudier climates, the increase in Vitamin D can lead to improved energy levels and mood. The low incidence of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a major draw. Even in "rainy" Green Spain, the total annual sunshine hours far exceed those of the UK or Northern Germany.
The UV Index Threat: The flip side is the dangerously high UV index, especially from May to September across the entire country. Skin cancer is a serious concern. Adopting the local habit of seeking shade, wearing a hat, and using high-SPF sunscreen daily is not optional; it's a fundamental health practice.

How climate dictates Spanish culture?

The Spanish schedule, which can seem baffling to newcomers, is a direct and logical adaptation to the climate. To integrate successfully, you need to understand and embrace this rhythm.

Siesta and the Spanish workday

The famous "siesta" is widely misunderstood. It's not about laziness; it's a survival mechanism from a pre-air-conditioning era when agricultural laborers had to avoid working under the brutal midday sun.

The Modern Schedule: While a two-hour nap is rare now in big cities, its legacy shapes the entire day. The standard commercial workday is split: from roughly 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM, followed by a long break, and then reopening from 5:00 PM to 8:00 or 9:00 PM. This break allows people to have their main meal (la comida) at home and avoid being out during the peak heat.
Embracing the Shift: This means errands must be planned around this schedule. Supermarkets and large department stores often stay open all day, but smaller, traditional shops will close. By living in Spain, your internal clock will naturally shift later.

Spanish social life

The climate fosters a vibrant outdoor culture.

The Reign of the Terraza: From the first hint of spring until late autumn, social life moves to the terrazas (outdoor seating at cafes and bars). Squares and sidewalks fill with people enjoying a drink and tapas. This is the heart of Spanish social interaction.
Seasonal Socializing: In the extreme heat of an Andalusian summer, this pattern shifts. The streets are empty at 4:00 PM. But at 10:00 PM, they come alive, with families and children enjoying the "cooler" evening air in parks and plazas until well after midnight. Conversely, in the cold winters of Madrid or Burgos, people gather in cozy, crowded indoor bars. In the rainy north, the culture of poteo (bar-hopping for small drinks and pintxos) is an all-weather, predominantly indoor activity.

Key Takeaways

This detailed knowledge will not only help you choose where to live but will also enable you to settle in more quickly, understanding the local rhythms and preparing your home and lifestyle for everything the Spanish climate has to offer.

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