Expats Portugal FAQ: Essential Guide

Expats FAQs about the visa process in Portugal

The visa process can seem daunting, but it doesn't have to be! Here you’ll find the most common questions and concerns expats have about securing the right visa for their Portuguese adventure.

We've gathered the doubts and insights from real-life experiences to help you understand the requirements, avoid pitfalls, and navigate the process with confidence.

1. I have an Irish/Italian/Spanish/French passport (or nationality). Do I need a visa to move to Portugal?

No, you don't! This is a huge advantage of being an EU/EEA citizen (or a Swiss citizen). Portugal is part of the European Union, and one of the core principles of the EU is the free movement of people.

This means you have the right to live, work, study, and retire in Portugal without needing a visa. However, while you don't need a visa, you do need to register your residency if you stay for longer than three months. This involves getting a Certificado de Registo (Registration Certificate) from your local city hall (Câmara Municipal).

It's a relatively straightforward process, but it is a requirement. Many expats initially forget this step, thinking that no visa means no paperwork at all.

2. What is CRUE? I keep seeing this mentioned in relation to residency in Portugal.

CRUE stands for Certificado de Registo de Cidadão da União Europeia (Registration Certificate for Citizens of the European Union). This is the document I mentioned in the previous answer.

It's the official proof that you, as an EU/EEA/Swiss citizen, are legally residing in Portugal. You need to apply for it within 30 days of completing your first three months in the country. You'll need to go to your local Câmara Municipal (city hall) with your passport, proof of address in Portugal (rental contract, property deed, or a statement from your Junta de Freguesia), and sometimes proof of sufficient financial means (though this is less strictly enforced for EU citizens than for non-EU citizens applying for visas).

It's a relatively simple process, but there can be some bureaucracy involved, and the specific requirements can vary slightly between different municipalities.

3. Which visa should I get to move to Portugal?

This depends entirely on your circumstances and your reasons for moving. There's no single "best" visa. Here's a simplified breakdown of the most common options, but you must research the Portuguese visas thoroughly:

• D7 Visa: Traditionally for those with passive income (pensions, investments, rental income). However, remote work for foreign companies is often accepted.
• D8 Visa (Digital Nomad Visa): Specifically designed for remote workers and freelancers with income from outside Portugal. It has a higher income requirement than the D7.
• D2 Visa (Entrepreneur/Startup Visa): For those who want to start a business or invest in Portugal.
• Study Visa: For students enrolled in Portuguese educational institutions.
• Family Reunification Visa: For family members of Portuguese or European citizens or legal residents.
• Golden Visa (ARI): An investment-based residency program (though it's undergoing significant changes and may not be available in its previous form).

The best visa for you depends on your income source, your long-term goals, and your personal situation. Many expats spend a lot of time researching the different options and even consulting with immigration lawyers to make the right choice. Don't just pick one at random!

4. Can I enter Portugal as a tourist and then apply for a different visa (e.g., D7, D8/Digital Nomad) or residency while in the country?

The general consensus is a strong "no." You must apply for the correct visa from your country of legal residence.

Trying to switch from a tourist visa is extremely difficult and often leads to rejection. People share stories of being told to go back home and apply properly. There are very limited exceptions (Articles 88 & 89), but these are not for initially entering as a tourist with the intent of changing status. It's almost universally advised to do it the right way from the start.

5. Can my partner/girlfriend/boyfriend (non-spouse) come with me under my D7, D8, or any other Portuguese visa?

Yes, but it's significantly easier if you're legally married. For unmarried partners ("de facto" relationships), you'll need to prove your relationship is genuine and long-lasting.

It means gathering a lot of evidence: joint bank accounts, rental agreements showing you've lived together (ideally for at least two years), shared bills, photos, and even affidavits from friends and family. Many expats stress the importance of having strong, documented proof. Some say it's almost like building a legal case.

6. How long does it take to get a Portuguese visa (D7, D8, etc.) approved?

There's no single answer. It varies wildly. Some people report getting approved in a few weeks; others wait many months (3-6 months is a common timeframe, but some have waited longer).

It depends on the specific consulate/embassy, the time of year (applications surge at certain times), how complete your application is, and frankly, sometimes just luck. The advice is: apply as early as possible and be prepared for potential delays.

7. What's the minimum income requirement for the Portugal D7 visa?

Officially, it's tied to the Portuguese minimum wage (€870/month in 2025, but always check the current amount). However, everyone emphasizes that you should show more than the minimum. Consider it as a baseline, not a goal.

Expats consistently advise aiming for at least €1,000-€1,500/month for a single applicant and more if you have dependents. You need to convince the authorities you won't become a burden on the Portuguese social security system.

8. What documents do I need for the Portuguese visa application?

The exact list varies by visa type, but the core documents are almost always your passport (valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay), the completed visa application form, proof of sufficient financial means (bank statements, income statements), a criminal background check (FBI check for Americans), proof of accommodation in Portugal (rental agreement, property deed, or a letter of invitation), proof of travel insurance that meets Portuguese requirements, and marriage/birth certificates if you're applying with family.

AnchorMove is a great option to keep a detailed list and spet-by-step guide while applying for your Portuguse visa.

9. As an American, do I need an FBI background check for my Portuguese Visa application, and how do I get it apostilled?

Yes, for US citizens applying for most long-stay visas, the FBI background check is mandatory. You can request it directly from the FBI or use an approved "channeler" (which is often faster). The apostille (authentication) for the FBI check is done by the US Department of State, not at the state level. This distinction is a common point of confusion.

⚠️ Some US citizens often report some difficulty with the FBI check, due to damaged fingerprints (specially with older folks). Unfortunately the FBI background check is INDISPENSABLE for the Portuguese residency visa, and therefore must be presented.

10. Do I need to open a Portuguese bank account before applying for the visa?

Yes, it's almost always necessary. For the D7 and many other residency visas, yes, it's almost always a requirement.

You'll need to show proof of funds in a Portuguese bank account, usually an amount equivalent to at least 12 months of the minimum income requirement. This procedure is a crucial step and often one of the first things expats do after getting their NIF.

11. How do I get a Portugal NIF (Número de Identificação Fiscal)?

The NIF is your Portuguese tax ID number, and you need it for everything.

You can get it before you move by using a fiscal representative or some online services specializing in this (that's why you have us!). Many expats recommend this process to simplify things later.

12. What is the difference between the D7 (Passive Income) and the D8 (Digital Nomad) visa?

The key difference is the type of income they're designed for.

D7 is traditionally for passive income (pensions, investments, and rental income), while D8 is specifically for remote workers and freelancers earning income from outside Portugal.

The D8 also has a higher minimum income requirement than the D7. Many expats debate which is better for their situation, and the answer often depends on their specific income source and amount.

13. Can I work remotely for a foreign company on a D7 visa?

According to expats, this is a very common question, and the general understanding is "yes, but...". And this is a huge but.

The D7 was traditionally for passive income, but authorities (not very often) may accept of remote work, provided the income comes from outside Portugal and can fit the passive income criteria.

Some expats report doing such work successfully. However, you must understand the implications: Your visa can be denied as you may not fit the criteria. Make sure a lawyer or a case manager approve your application before going for it, as they will be able to identify any situation that could end up in a refusal.

14. How do I open a Portuguese bank account as foreigner?

You'll need your NIF and to choose a bank that accepts foreigners, passport, proof of address (which can initially be from your home country), and proof of income or employment. Some banks have English-speaking staff, which can be helpful. If you are not in Portugal yet, you can find all the information here.

Many expats recommend specific banks, like Millenium BCP, based on their experiences.

15. Are there any visas if I want to work in Portugal but don't have a job contract there?

This is tricky, but there are a few possibilities, though none are a guaranteed path:

• D8 Visa (Digital Nomad Visa): This is probably the best option if you can work remotely. It's designed for people who earn income from outside Portugal, so you wouldn't be employed by a Portuguese company.
• D2 Visa (Entrepreneur Visa): If you plan to start your own business in Portugal, this could be an option. You'll need a solid business plan and demonstrate sufficient investment funds.
• Job Seeker Visa: There is a "Job Seeker Visa," but it's not a long-term residency visa and it's not easy to get. It allows you to enter Portugal for a limited time (usually 120 days, renewable for another 60) to look for a job. If you find a job during that time, you can then apply for a proper work permit and residency. However, it's a gamble, and there's no guarantee you'll find a job.

It's much easier to get a work visa if you already have a job offer from a Portuguese company. Without a job offer, your options are more limited and often require demonstrating significant financial resources or a viable business plan.

16. Do I need private health insurance for the Portuguese visa application?

Yes, absolutely. For most long-stay visas, you must provide proof of comprehensive health insurance (travel insurance) that covers you in Portugal and meets specific requirements (often including repatriation coverage).

Such proof is a non-negotiable part of the application.

17. I have Portuguese ancestors. Can I apply for Portuguese nationality?

Possibly, yes! Portugal has provisions in its nationality law that allow descendants of Portuguese citizens to apply for citizenship. However, it depends on how far back your ancestry goes and the specific circumstances.

• Children of Portuguese citizens: Generally eligible.
• Grandchildren of Portuguese citizens: Often eligible, but may need to demonstrate ties to Portugal (e.g., knowledge of the Portuguese language).
• Great-grandchildren and beyond: Not applicable! You would need someone alive between you and the Portuguese ancestor. Nationality is available only for grandchildren. However, if your grandparent is a grandchild of a Portuguese citizen, they can apply to get their nationality as a grandchild, and after theirs is finalized (and granted), you can apply for yourself or your parent.
• Sephardic Jews: Descendants of Sephardic Jews who were expelled from Portugal in the 15th and 16th centuries may be eligible for citizenship under a separate law. Don't attempt this one unless you are really sure you fit the criteria. It's a very specific rule regarding heritage.

You'll need to gather documentation proving your lineage (birth certificates, marriage certificates, etc.), and the process can be complex.

Many expats recommend consulting a Portuguese lawyer specializing in nationality law to assess your eligibility and guide you through the application process. It's not a simple "yes" or "no" answer; it depends on the specifics of your family history.

Expats FAQs about the settling documentation process in Portugal

Are you feeling overwhelmed by the paperwork after arriving in Portugal? Don't worry, it's a common feeling!

Here we'll break down the essential settling-in documentation needs. We'll help you understand the bureaucracy and get settled in your new home.

1. How do I renew my temporary Portuguese residence permit?

You must try to apply for renewal before your current permit expires (but there's no problem in getting a later date). You'll do that with AIMA.

The process involves submitting updated documents to prove you still meet the original visa requirements (income, accommodation, health insurance, etc.). It's not automatic, and you need to be proactive. Many expats recommend starting the renewal process well in advance of the expiration date.

2. After how long can I apply for permanent residency or Portuguese citizenship?

After five years of legal residency in Portugal, you can apply for permanent residency.

For citizenship, it's also generally five years of legal residency, but you'll also need to pass a Portuguese language test (CIPLE A2 level) and demonstrate knowledge of Portuguese culture and history.

3. I'm planning to stay in Portugal long-term. What are the steps to becoming a permanent resident or citizen?

After five years of legal residency, you can apply for permanent residency.

For citizenship, it's also five years of legal residency, plus passing a Portuguese language test (CIPLE A2 level) and demonstrating knowledge of Portuguese culture.

Getting citizenship is a long-term goal, and many expats often discuss the requirements and the process in detail in groups and forums.

4. Can I drive in Portugal with my US/foreign driver's license?

You can use your valid foreign license for a limited period after becoming a resident. Thereafter, you must exchange it for a Portuguese license.

This step is a common source of confusion and frustration, as the process can be bureaucratic.

5. How do I exchange my foreign driver's license for a Portuguese one?

You'll need to apply at the IMT (Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes). The requirements vary depending on your country of origin.

You'll typically need to provide your current license, proof of residency, a medical certificate, and possibly a translation of your license. Some countries have agreements with Portugal that make the process easier.

6. How do I get a Portuguese driver's license if my foreign license isn't eligible for a simple exchange?

If your license is from a country that doesn't have an agreement with Portugal for easy exchange, you'll likely need to take the full Portuguese driving test (both theory and practical).

The procedure can be challenging, especially if you don't speak Portuguese fluently. Many expats share their experiences with driving schools and the testing process.

Expats FAQs about the taxes in Portugal

Moving to Portugal means navigating a new tax system. This FAQ answers the most common questions expats have about Portuguese taxes, from figuring out if you're a tax resident to understanding your obligations.

We'll cover key topics like income tax, NHR, and tax residency.

1. How does the Portuguese tax system work?

Portugal has a progressive income tax system, meaning the tax rate increases as your income increases (or as you age). If you're a tax resident (spending 183+ days in Portugal), you'll need to file an annual tax return declaring your worldwide income.

Many expats recommend hiring a tax advisor, especially in the first few years, to navigate the complexities of the Portuguese tax system.

2. What is the 183-day rule, and how does it affect my taxes in Portugal?

This information is crucial for tax purposes. If you spend 183 days or more in Portugal within a calendar year (January 1st to December 31st), you're generally considered a tax resident.

This means you're liable to pay Portuguese taxes on your worldwide income. Many expats carefully track their days in Portugal to manage their tax obligations.

3. What is the NHR (Non-Habitual Resident) tax regime in Portugal?

NHR was a very popular tax program offering significant tax benefits for 10 years to new tax residents. It potentially included reduced tax rates on certain types of income (like pensions and foreign-source income). This is a constantly evolving situation, and expats frequently discuss the latest updates and implications.

Right now, NHR 2.0 was approved, and will be in due course after parliament approval.

4. What are the requirements for being considered a fiscal resident in Portugal as an Expat?

The main rule is spending 183 days or more in Portugal within a calendar year (January 1st to December 31st).

Alternatively, if you have a "habitual residence" in Portugal (a permanent home available to you), you can be considered a tax resident even if you spend less than 183 days there.

5. How do I avoid double taxation (paying taxes in both my home country and Portugal)?

Portugal has double taxation agreements with many countries, including the US. These agreements are designed to prevent you from being taxed twice on the same income. However, you'll still need to understand your tax obligations in both countries and file tax returns accordingly.

Many expats recommend consulting a tax advisor who specializes in international taxation. The US, in particular, taxes its citizens on worldwide income, regardless of where they live, but there are mechanisms like the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion and Foreign Tax Credit to help mitigate double taxation.

6. I'm a US citizen. How do I handle my US taxes while living in Portugal? Do I still have to file?

Yes, US citizens and green card holders are required to file US taxes regardless of where they live in the world. This is a major point of discussion and often anxiety.

You'll likely need to file both US and Portuguese tax returns. However, there are mechanisms to avoid double taxation, such as the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE) and the Foreign Tax Credit (FTC). Many expats strongly recommend consulting a tax advisor who specializes in US expat taxes. It's complicated, and mistakes can be costly.

Expats FAQs about finances and costs in Portugal

Make informed financial decisions and thrive in Portugal as an immigrant with this essential FAQ.

We've compiled the most common questions and concerns from expats about finances and costs in Portugal, providing insights into budgeting, banking, money transfers, and managing your expenses effectively. Get the knowledge you need to live comfortably and confidently in Portugal.

1. What's the cost of living in Portugal?

It's generally lower than in many other Western European countries and the US, but it's highly dependent on where you live.

Lisbon and Porto are significantly pricier than smaller towns or rural areas. Rent, groceries, and eating out can vary widely. Many expats constantly share detailed breakdowns of their monthly expenses to help others get a realistic picture.

2. What are the hidden costs of living in Portugal that I might not expect?

Expats often mention:

• Utility bills are higher than expected, especially for older buildings with poor insulation.
• Import taxes and customs duties: If you're shipping goods from outside the EU.
• Unexpected banking fees: Portuguese banks can have fees for various services.
• Higher prices for certain imported goods: If you're used to buying specific brands from your home country.
• Car-related expenses: Gasoline is pricier in Portugal, and car insurance and maintenance can add up.
• Healthcare costs: Even with the public system, there may be co-pays and other expenses (if you are coming form a free universal healthcare country).

3. Is it better to use a Portuguese bank or an international bank like Wise (formerly TransferWise) or Revolut?

Many expats use a combination. A Portuguese bank account is essential for paying bills, receiving your salary (if you work in Portugal), and for many official transactions.

However, international banks like Wise and Revolut are often recommended for transferring money from your home country because they offer better exchange rates and lower fees than traditional banks.

4. How much money should I realistically bring with me when I first move to Portugal?

The answer depends on your lifestyle and whether you have a job lined up.

A common recommendation is to have enough to cover at least 3–6 months' living expenses, including rent, utilities, food, transportation, and initial setup costs (like a security deposit on an apartment). The amount could range from €10,500 (the minimum required for a Portuguese Visa) to €15,000 or more, depending on your circumstances.

5. Can I get a mortgage in Portugal as a foreigner?

Yes, it's possible, but the requirements can be stricter than for Portuguese citizens.

You'll typically need a good credit history, a substantial down payment (often 20-30% or more), and proof of income. Interest rates and terms may vary.

6. What's the best way to send money to Portugal from my home country?

Traditional bank transfers can be expensive, with high fees and unfavorable exchange rates.

Many expats recommend using online money transfer services like Wise, Revolut, Currencies Direct or Xoom. These services typically offer better exchange rates and lower fees.

Expats FAQs about healthcare in Portugal

Here you'll find a compilation of the most common questions and concerns from expats, providing clear answers and practical advice on navigating the Portuguese healthcare system, finding the right care, and understanding your rights.

1. How do I access healthcare as an Expat in Portugal?

As a legal resident, you are entitled to access the public healthcare system (SNS—Serviço Nacional de Saúde). You register with your local health center (centro de saúde) using your residence permit, proof of address and NIF.

Many expats also have private health insurance, either to supplement the public system (for faster access to specialists, for example) or because they're required to have it for their visa.

2. Can I use my US health insurance in Portugal?

Unless it specifically provides international coverage that meets the exact requirements for the Portuguese visa and residency, the answer is almost certainly no.

Most standard US health insurance plans don't provide international coverage that comply with Portuguese visa requirements. Expats often share recommendations for international health insurance providers that are familiar with Portuguese requirements.

3. How do I find a trustworthy English-speaking doctor or dentist in Portugal?

Word-of-mouth recommendations are highly valued.

Ask other expats in your area or in online groups. Some private clinics and hospitals specialize in serving the expat community and have English-speaking staff. You can also search online directories of healthcare providers.

4. Are there any restrictions on bringing medications into Portugal?

You should always have a prescription (translated into English or Portuguese, which is helpful) for any medications you bring. It's best to keep them in their original packaging.

For larger quantities or controlled substances, it's strongly recommended to check with the Portuguese embassy or consulate in your home country before you travel to avoid any problems at customs.

Expats FAQs about housing in Portugal

Finding the right place to live is key! This FAQ answers the most common questions expats have about housing in Portugal, from deciding where to live, navigating the rental market to understanding the process of buying property.

We'll cover everything from finding an apartment to dealing with landlords.

1. What are the best areas to live in Portugal for expats?

This is a very subjective question, and the answer depends entirely on your priorities. You can have an overview here.

• Lisbon and Porto are popular for city life and job opportunities, but they're also pricier.

• The Algarve is popular for beaches and warm weather, but it can be touristy and seasonal.

• The Silver Coast offers a more affordable coastal option.

Smaller towns and rural areas offer a lower cost of living and a more traditional Portuguese experience but fewer job opportunities.

Expats often share their personal experiences in different regions, highlighting the pros and cons.

2. What are the pros and cons of living in different regions of Portugal (Lisbon, Porto, Algarve, etc.)?

This question is a frequent topic of discussion among expats in Portugal.

• Lisbon

Pros: vibrant city life, cultural attractions, job opportunities, and international airport.

Cons: Expensive, crowded, touristy.

• Porto

Pros: more affordable than Lisbon; charming city; good food and wine; growing tech scene.

Cons: Smaller than Lisbon, it can be rainy.

• Algarve

Pros: Beautiful beaches, warm climate, popular with retirees and tourists.

Cons: seasonal economy, can be crowded in summer, less "authentic" Portuguese culture.

• Silver Coast

Pros: More affordable than the Algarve, beautiful beaches, quieter than the Algarve.

Cons: Less developed infrastructure, fewer job opportunities.

• Interior

Pros: Very affordable, traditional Portuguese culture, beautiful scenery.

Cons: fewer job opportunities, being isolated, hot summers, and cold winters.

3. Is it simple to find housing in Portugal as a foreigner?

Finding long-term rentals can be surprisingly challenging, especially in popular areas like Lisbon and Porto. There's high demand and often competition.

Short-term rentals (like Airbnbs) are easier to find, and many expats use them initially while searching for a permanent place (when scouting for their visa application residency).

Start your housing search well in advance of your move and prepare for a potentially lengthy process, as expats often advise.

4. Can I buy property in Portugal as a foreigner?

Yes, there are no restrictions on foreigners buying property in Portugal. This is often considered a positive aspect of moving to Portugal.

5. How do I find an apartment or house to rent in Portugal?

This dilemma is a major concern for many expats. Popular websites include Idealista, Imovirtual, and OLX. Facebook groups dedicated to rentals in specific areas are also common.

Many expats recommend working with a local real estate agent, especially if you're not fluent in Portuguese. Be prepared for competition, especially in popular areas, and be wary of rental scams (don't pay any amount without visiting the property first or getting a contract). It's often advised to view properties in person before signing a contract or paying a deposit.

6. What are the typical lease terms for rentals in Portugal?

Long-term rental contracts are typically for one year, often with the option to renew. You'll usually need to pay a security deposit (often equivalent to one or two months' rent) and the first month's rent upfront.

Some landlords may require a guarantor (fiador), especially if you don't have a Portuguese employment contract.

7. How do I set up utilities (electricity, water, gas) in Portugal?

You'll typically need your NIF, passport, and proof of address (rental contract or property deed) to set up utilities.

You can often do these tasks online or by phone, but some companies may require you to visit their offices in person. Many expats recommend having a Portuguese-speaking person assist you, especially if you're not fluent in the language.

8. What should I do if I have a problem with my landlord or neighbor in Portugal?

Try to resolve the issue amicably first. If that doesn't work, you can seek advice from a lawyer or a consumer protection organization.

There are specific legal procedures for dealing with landlord-tenant disputes.

9. What are the rules about noise levels in residential buildings in Portugal?

There are laws regulating noise levels, especially during nighttime hours (typically from 11 pm to 7 am).

Excessive noise can lead to complaints and fines. Many expats discuss experiences with noisy neighbors and the best ways to address the situation.

10. How do I find a reliable handyman/plumber/electrician in Portugal?

Word-of-mouth recommendations are highly valued. Ask other expats, neighbors, or your landlord for referrals.

Online platforms and Facebook groups can also be helpful. It's often recommended to get multiple quotes before hiring someone.

11. How can I make sure my home is secure in Portugal?

Installing excellent locks, considering an alarm system, and being aware of your surroundings are common recommendations.